Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) and Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) are two prophets of Allah with the title ulul Azmi. Both are called ulul azmi because they are prophets with extraordinary fortitude and patience in carrying out their duties and responsibilities from Allah SWT. Allah SWT also trusts these two prophets to intercede to call for the command of Hajj to all Muslims.
The Call of the Hajj Order from Prophet Ibrahim (as)
After Prophet Ibrahim completed the construction of Baitullah with the help of his son, Prophet Ismail, Allah almighty commanded the Khalil Ullah (beloved of Allah) to call people to come to His house. The purpose is to obey Him, worship, dhikr, and give thanks to Him through Hajj.
The theorem of the Hajj command from Allah Almighty to Prophet Ibrahim (as) is in verse QS. Al-Hajj follows:
“Call upon men to perform the Hajj, and they will come to you on foot and ride on thin camels from all distant quarters. They may see various benefits for them and call on Allah’s name on the appointed day for the sustenance Allah has given them in cattle. Then eat some of it, and give it to the miserable and the poor.” (QS. Al-Hajj: 27-28)
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The interpretation of the statement of Allah SWT above, according to Imam Ibn Katsir Rahimahullah, is that Allah commanded Abraham to call humankind to perform Hajj to Baitullah, the house of Allah, which was built with hard work by Abraham and his son, Ishmael as well as conveying to all of them that the Hajj includes the obligatory worship of the Muslims.
The above interpretation follows the narration of Ibn ‘Abbas of Jubair, which explains that when Abraham (PBUH) finished building the Kaaba, Allah commanded him: “Call men to perform the hajj.”
Prophet Ibrahim replied, “O Lord, will my voice reach them?” God said, “Call them out; I will deliver them.” So, Ibrahim went up to the Mount of Abu Qubais and said in a loud voice, “O men, verily Allah has indeed commanded you to visit this house, that He may give you paradise and protect you from the doom of hell, therefore pay you the pilgrimage.”
According to another opinion, when calling for the order of Hajj, Prophet Ibrahim stood on top of his tomb, and some mentioned standing on a rock or Mount Shafa.
The Call of the Hajj Order from the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
In the book of Tafsir Al Azhar, Prof. Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah or Buya Hamka, it was said that Hajj was decreed to the Prophet Muhammad in the year 9 Hijri. This statement aligns with the number of scholars or the opinion of most scholars who agree that the Sharia of Hajj was made official by the Prophet Muhammad in the year 9 Hijri.
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In that year, the Muslims in Medina and the whole Arab Land made the pilgrimage to Makkah, which had been cleared of idols. Then, he was appointed by the Holy Prophet, his friend named Abu Bakr, to lead the Hajj group (Amir al-Haj) that year.
In the tenth year of the Hijri, the Holy Prophet performed the Hajj himself, known as Hajj Wada’ or Farewell Hajj.
“On him were visible signs, (among them) the maqam of Abraham; whoever enters it (Baitullah) is safe; Performing Hajj is man’s duty towards Allah, that is, (for) those who can travel to Jerusalem. Whoever denies (the obligation of Hajj), then surely Allah is rich (does not need anything) of the universe.” (QS. Ali ‘Imran: 97)
Hajj must be performed once in a lifetime for a Muslim. This command is contained in a hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) which reads:
“The Holy Prophet PBUH said: ‘O people, it has been obligated upon you to perform Hajj, so perform Hajj.” Then a man asked, “Is it every year, O Messenger of Allah?” He answered when the man asked him again three times. Then the Prophet sallallahu’ alaihi wasallam replied, “If I say ‘yes’, then it will undoubtedly be obligatory every year, and you will not necessarily be able to do it. Then there is no need to discuss what I did not allude to. For surely those before you perished by asking and resisting their prophets a lot. If I command you something, do it according to your ability. If I have forbidden anything upon you, then leave it.” (HR. Muslim no. 1337)
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No Muslim, except he longs to see the Kaaba, prays and prays by his side, performing Umrah and Hajj. Muslims visit Allah’s glorious house from all corners of the earth and the land. May Allah confirm us on the tawhid religion (dien) called by Prophet Ibrahim and recorded as one who visited His glorious house. Wallahu a’lam.
(Dompet Dhuafa/Ust. Ahmad Fauzi Qasim/Ronna)